Oral Presentation ANZOS-ASLM-ICCR 2019

The impact of time-restricted eating on glucose response to an identical standard meal in the morning and evening in men at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (#66)

Lijun Zhao 1 2 , Amy Hutchison 1 2 , Bo Liu 1 2 , Xiao Tong Teong 1 2 , Gary Wittert 1 2 , Campbell Thompson 3 , Leanne Nguyen 3 , John Au 3 , Crystal Grant 4 , Siobhan Banks 4 , Leonie Heilbronn 1 2
  1. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  2. Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  3. Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  4. Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a novel dietary tool emphasizing when, rather than what, food is eaten. TRE improves glucose tolerance in preclinical models[1, 2] and in humans[3], when tested in the biological morning. This study investigated whether an eight-week 10-hour TRE alters the glucose response measured by continuous glucose monitors (CGM) over 24-hour and in response to an identical meal in the morning and evening in men at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Fifteen men (aged 62.9 ± 1.2 years, BMI 30.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2) were instructed to eat their regular diets within a 10-hour time frame each day for 8 weeks. Participants underwent a 35-hour metabolic ward stay, during which food intake was strictly controlled within 14-hour (pre) or 10-hour (post) time frame (standard meal [STDM] provided at breakfast/dinner; 52% carbohydrate, 33% fat, 15% protein). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was calculated following the STDM. Body weight and waist circumference were reduced -2.2 ± 0.8 kg and -4 ± 1 cm, respectively (both p<0.05). CGM data (N=12) showed a reduced glucose AUC (gAUC) to a STDM at breakfast following TRE (p=0.015). However, gAUC tended to increase at dinner (p=0.080). Overall, 24-hour gAUC was not significantly different (p=0.234). Blood glucose showed that TRE significantly decreased fasting glucose (p=0.026). A mealtime by TRE interaction was observed for blood gAUC (F=16.417, p = 0.001). TRE tended to decrease the breakfast gAUC (p=0.131) but increase the dinner gAUC (p=0.001). There were no effects of TRE on fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting or postprandial AUC of triglyceride or nonesterified fatty acids. This small uncontrolled study supports past studies to suggest that TRE improves glucose tolerance at breakfast, but the glucose response was poorer at dinner and the 24-h profile was not altered in men at increased risk of T2DM.

  1. 1. Hatori, M., et al., Time-restricted feeding without reducing caloric intake prevents metabolic diseases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Cell Metab, 2012. 15(6): p. 848-60. 2. Chaix, A., et al., Time-restricted feeding is a preventative and therapeutic intervention against diverse nutritional challenges. Cell Metab, 2014. 20(6): p. 991-1005. 3. Hutchison, A.T., et al., Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2019. 27(5): p. 724-732.